Business

A privately held company is a business whose shares are not offered for public subscription or traded on stock exchanges, but instead are owned and exchanged privately, often by founders, their families, or a small group of investors. Despite being less visible than publicly traded counterparts, these companies are economically signifi...

International business strategy involves the plans companies use to guide commercial transactions across different countries, with the primary goal of increasing profit. As most sizable companies interact with international partners and face global competition, understanding diverse cultural, linguistic, political, and legal systems is...

Fund accounting is a specialized accounting system primarily used by nonprofit organizations and governments to manage resources whose use is limited by donors, grants, or legal requirements, emphasizing accountability over profitability. This method organizes finances into self-balancing sets of accounts called "funds," which are cate...

Advertising revenue represents the monetary income individuals and businesses generate by displaying paid advertisements alongside their internet-based content. This lucrative market was estimated to be worth $111 billion in the U.S. in September 2018, predominantly controlled by tech giants such as Google (under Alphabet Inc.), Facebo...

The Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi, is a prominent public university in Sindh, Pakistan, owned by the Government of Sindh. Initially established as a business school, it has significantly expanded its academic scope to offer a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees in fields su...

A business process is a structured collection of related activities, performed by people or equipment, that produces a service or product to achieve a specific business goal and deliver customer value. These processes, occurring at all organizational levels, enhance customer satisfaction and organizational agility by b...

Business marketing (B2B) is the practice of organizations selling products or services to other businesses, governments, or institutions, either for resale, use in production, or to support their operations. Historically, this field took "a back seat" to consumer marketing, as noted by Michael Morris, Leyland P...