Business
Articles in this category
Business process re-engineering
Business Process Re-engineering (BPR), a business management strategy pioneered in the early 1990s, focuses on fundamentally rethinking and radically redesigning an organization's workflows and processes from the ground up. Its primary goal is to achieve significant improvements in customer service, operational costs, and competitivene...
Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, signed into law by President Barack Obama on April April 5, 2012, was a bipartisan effort designed to stimulate economic growth by easing U.S. securities regulations for small businesses following the 2008 financial crisis. Its most revolutionary aspect, Title III – also...
Business model
A business model comprehensively describes how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value, outlining its specific approach to spending and earning money to generate profit. This framework is crucial for classifying businesses, guiding entrepreneurial ventures, and serves as a tool for managers to explore future development a...
Advertising postcard
An advertising postcard is a commercially produced, rectangular piece of stiff paper (typically 3.5 x 5.5 inches) specifically designed to carry promotional messages for products or services, either mailed or distributed directly. Its origins trace back to 18th-century "trade cards," which evolved into widely used advertising postcards...
Company
A company is a legal entity representing an association of individuals or juridical persons united with a common purpose to achieve specific goals. Over time, these entities evolved to feature crucial characteristics like separate legal personality, limited liability, and transferable shares
Privately held company
A privately held company is a business whose shares are not offered for public subscription or traded on stock exchanges, but instead are owned and exchanged privately, often by founders, their families, or a small group of investors. Despite being less visible than publicly traded counterparts, these companies are economically signifi...
International business strategy
International business strategy involves the plans companies use to guide commercial transactions across different countries, with the primary goal of increasing profit. As most sizable companies interact with international partners and face global competition, understanding diverse cultural, linguistic, political, and legal systems is...
Fund accounting
Fund accounting is a specialized accounting system primarily used by nonprofit organizations and governments to manage resources whose use is limited by donors, grants, or legal requirements, emphasizing accountability over profitability. This method organizes finances into self-balancing sets of accounts called "funds," which are cate...
Advertising revenue
Advertising revenue represents the monetary income individuals and businesses generate by displaying paid advertisements alongside their internet-based content. This lucrative market was estimated to be worth $111 billion in the U.S. in September 2018, predominantly controlled by tech giants such as Google (under Alphabet Inc.), Facebo...
Institute of Business Administration, Karachi
The Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi, is a prominent public university in Sindh, Pakistan, owned by the Government of Sindh. Initially established as a business school, it has significantly expanded its academic scope to offer a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees in fields su...
Business process
A business process is a structured collection of related activities, performed by people or equipment, that produces a service or product to achieve a specific business goal and deliver customer value. These processes, occurring at all organizational levels, enhance customer satisfaction and organizational agility by b...
Business marketing
Business marketing (B2B) is the practice of organizations selling products or services to other businesses, governments, or institutions, either for resale, use in production, or to support their operations. Historically, this field took "a back seat" to consumer marketing, as noted by Michael Morris, Leyland P...