History
Articles in this category
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
The 16th-century Protestant Reformation drastically reshaped European art, leading to a widespread rejection and destruction of traditional Catholic imagery across Northern Europe. While Martin Luther's followers, the Lutherans, permitted a limited range of religious art in churches—including new altarpieces and crucifixes until around...
Colonization of Mars
The colonization of Mars proposes establishing permanent human settlements on the planet, a concept distinct from the exploration missions currently pursued by public space agencies, which primarily focus on robotic probes and potential crewed landings. While organizations like SpaceX, advocacy groups ...
Ancient music
Ancient music encompasses the diverse musical cultures of literate civilizations before approximately 500 CE, characterized by monophony, improvisation, and the strong influence of text. A crucial development was written notation, with the Hurrian Hymn No. 6 from the 14th century BCE b...
Early modern Europe
Early Modern Europe, spanning roughly the mid-15th to the late 18th century, served as a pivotal transition between the Middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution. This transformative era commenced with significant events such as Gutenberg's invention of the movable type printing press (c. 1450) and Christopher ...
Medieval metal
Medieval metal is a distinctive subgenre of folk metal primarily originating in Germany (where it's known as Mittelalter-Metal), which fuses heavy metal music with traditional medieval folk elements. The genre emerged in the mid-1990s, pioneered by influential bands such as Subway to Sally,
Urban archaeology
Urban archaeology investigates the material past of towns and cities, where centuries of human habitation and waste accumulation create a remarkably rich historical record. For millennia, city dwellers often buried or discarded their refuse directly on site, leading to settlements being built on successive layers of debris and demolish...
Executed Renaissance
The Executed Renaissance (or Red Renaissance) refers to a vibrant generation of Ukrainian language poets, writers, and artists who flourished in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic during the 1920s and early 1930s. This cultural revival was initially fostered by Lenin's Korenizatsiya policies, which encouraged the ...
Age of Revolution
The Age of Revolution, spanning from the late 18th to the mid-19th centuries, was a pivotal period that dramatically transformed Europe and the Americas, leading to a shift from absolutist monarchies towards representative governments and the emergence of nation-states. Fueled by Enlightenment ideals, the Ameri...
Urban exploration
Urban exploration (often shortened to UE or urbex) is the exploration of man-made structures, typically abandoned ruins or hidden components of active environments, heavily featuring photography and historical documentation. This adventurous hobby carries significant risks, including physical dangers, the possibility of arrest for tres...
Future of space exploration
Future space exploration, involving both robotic and human missions, aims to gather new information about our Solar System and establish scientific outposts, potentially leading to permanent settlements on the Moon and Mars. The driving force has shifted from the 20th-century Space Race to protecting humanity from catastrophic events a...
Scottish Reformation Parliament
The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 was a pivotal assembly that passed transformative legislation, effectively establishing the Protestant Church of Scotland and abolishing the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church. Led by the influential reformer John Knox, who returned to Scotland in 1559...