Philosophy

The Journal of Political Philosophy (JPP) is a leading quarterly academic journal dedicated to all aspects of political philosophy. It faced significant controversy when it published three articles on Black Lives Matter, all authored by white academics, drawing criticism from Yale professor Christopher Lebron regarding the lack of dive...

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is a qualitative psychology research method with an idiographic focus, aiming to provide in-depth insights into how individuals make sense of personally significant experiences or major life events within specific contexts, rather than seeking generalizati...

Rationalism is a philosophical viewpoint asserting that reason is the primary source and test of knowledge, often prioritizing intellectual and deductive truth over sensory experience, faith, or tradition. During the Enlightenment, this position, sometimes equated with innatism, stood in opposition to empiricism. Key r...

Situated ethics is an ethical theory that emphasizes the profound importance of one's personal and physical involvement in ongoing processes, such as climate and ecosystems, over abstract cultural or theoretical standards. It posits that an actor's actions are primarily determined by their actual physical, geographical...

Metaethics is a fundamental branch of philosophy that explores the nature, scope, and meaning of moral judgments, beliefs, and values, setting it apart from normative ethics (how one ought to act) and applied ethics (practical moral dilemmas). It addresses "second-order" questions like "What is goodness?" or "How can we know right from...

Political science is the social scientific study of politics, meticulously analyzing systems of governance, power, political behavior, and associated laws and constitutions. This modern discipline began to emerge distinctly from political philosophy and history in the latter half of the 19th century, leading to the creation of dedicate...

Stoicism is an influential Hellenistic philosophy, founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens around 300 BCE, that taught the universe operates by divine reason and offered a systematic approach to life. Its adherents, including Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, pursued a "well-reasoned life" th...

Logical positivism, an influential empiricist philosophical movement emerging in the late 1920s, sought to establish a philosophy as rigorous and scientific as empirical science itself. Its central tenet was the verification principle, which declared a statement cognitively meaningful only if it could ...

Nihilism, derived from the Latin nihil meaning 'nothing,' is a philosophical and social viewpoint denying inherent meaning in life, objective morality, knowledge, and established societal structures. The term Nihilismus first emerged in 18th-century German writings, appearing in works by figures like Friedrich...

Egoism is a philosophy that examines the self, or ego, as the core motivation and ultimate goal of one's actions, broadly categorized into descriptive and normative forms. Descriptive theories, such as psychological egoism, assert that all human motivations are fundamentally self-serving, even when actions appear altruistic. Conversely...

Economic materialism, often simply called materialism, describes a personal attitude prioritizing the acquisition and consumption of material goods, typically carrying a negative connotation. It's associated with the belief that social status is determined by wealth and possessions bring happiness, a notion critiqued as a capitalist co...

The Metaphysics of Morals (1797) is Immanuel Kant's final major work in moral philosophy, expanding upon foundational ideas from his Groundwork and Critique of Practical Reason. This significant text is divided into two main sections: the Doctrine of Right and the Doctrine of Virtue.

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