Egoism is a philosophy that examines the self, or ego, as the core motivation and ultimate goal of one's actions, broadly categorized into descriptive and normative forms. Descriptive theories, such as psychological egoism, assert that all human motivations are fundamentally self-serving, even when actions appear altruistic. Conversely, normative egoism dictates that individuals should prioritize their own interests, a principle explored in rational or ethical egoism. This philosophical perspective often critiques societal moral judgments against self-interest, viewing them as potential mechanisms of control. Influential thinkers like Max Stirner and Friedrich Nietzsche significantly explored egoism, often emphasizing individual will and autonomy while challenging conventional morality.