Economics

Immigration, a term coined in the 17th century, refers to the international movement of people who settle permanently in a new destination country, distinct from short-term stays. By 2015, the number of international migrants worldwide reached 244 million, marking a 41% increase since 2000, with the United States hosting the largest sh...

The Federal Reserve System, commonly known as "the Fed," is the central banking system of the United States, established on December 23, 1913, by the Federal Reserve Act to stabilize the monetary system following a series of financial panics. Functioning as an independent central bank,...

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was established on September 14, 1960, in Baghdad by five founding members—Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela—to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profits. This influential cartel significantly restructure...

Brent Crude serves as a pivotal global benchmark, setting the price for two-thirds of the world's internationally traded crude oil supplies, particularly those from the Atlantic basin. Initially, it referred to a "sweet light" crude oil first extracted from the North Sea's Brent oilfield starting in 1976. As production from this field ...

A debt crisis occurs when a government becomes unable to repay its financial obligations, typically resulting from prolonged expenditures exceeding tax revenues. This dire situation can lead to a "debt wall," where a nation's reliance on foreign capital ceases, causing its currency to devalue significantly and making f...

Income distribution examines how a country's total economic output, or GDP, is shared among its population, a fundamental concern in economics that directly relates to economic inequality. Historically, economists like Adam Smith (1723–1790) focused on how income was distributed among factors of production (land, labor...

Inflation is an economic concept where the average price of goods and services increases, leading to a reduction in the purchasing power of money, typically measured by a Consumer Price Index (CPI) as an annualized percentage change. This phenomenon is often attributed to fluctuations in demand, supply, or inflation expectations, impac...

During Najib Razak's premiership from 2009 to 2018, Malaysia's economic policy marked a significant departure from previous state-centric approaches, ushering in an era of economic liberalization. A cornerstone of this shift was the New Economic Model (NEM), announced in 2009. The NEM's ambitious goal was to transform ...

A trade war is an economic conflict where countries impose retaliatory tariffs and other trade barriers, often stemming from protectionist policies, in response to similar measures by opposing parties. These conflicts can escalate significantly, as evidenced by the Anglo-Dutch Wars over trade routes an...

Here's a comprehensive summary of the article on cryptocurrency and crime:

Cryptocurrency crime, encompassing theft, fraud, money laundering, and "cryptojacking" (where resources are hijacked for mining), represents a growing global concern. While a small percentage of total transactions, illicit activities are substantial, with...

Space trade refers to all exchanges of goods and services related to space travel, exploration, and colonization, envisioned as crucial for the economic viability and self-sufficiency of future human settlements. Experts like Robert Zubrin suggest that a Martian colony could prosper from astero...