Hoysala Architecture
Overview:
Hoysala architecture is an intricate and ornate architectural style that flourished in the 11th-14th centuries in the region of present-day Karnataka, India. Developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire, Hoysala architecture is characterized by its profusion of sculptures, distinct temple structures, and innovative decorative elements.
Architectural Features:
Temples: Hoysala temples consist of several interconnected parts, including a sanctuary (garbhagriha) housing the deity, a closed mandapa (hall), an open mandapa (hall), and a tower (vimana) above the sanctuary.
Pillar Architecture: Hoysala temples feature lathe-turned pillars with four brackets at the top, supporting richly carved female figurines known as "salabhanjika" or "madanika."
Temple Ornamentation: The exterior walls of temples are adorned with detailed carvings depicting scenes from Hindu mythology and decorative motifs such as yalis, lotus medallions, and floral designs.
Tower Structure: The vimana is the most striking element of Hoysala temples, with its intricate and multi-faceted design creating a dramatic visual impact. The tower is crowned by a kalasa, a water pot-shaped finial.
Hoysala Artisans:
Hoysala artisans were known for their exceptional skill and attention to detail. Many of them signed their works, providing insights into their lives and guilds. Notable craftsmen included Amarashilpi Jakanachari, Ruvari Malithamma, and Dasoja.
Influence and Legacy:
Hoysala architecture represents a fusion of indigenous and Western Chalukya styles. It influenced later architectural developments in the Vijayanagara and Nayaka periods. Three Hoysala temples (Belur, Halebidu, and Somanathapura) were designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2023, recognizing their exceptional architectural and cultural value.