Gamma-ray astronomy explores the universe by detecting the highest-energy photons, offering crucial insights into violent astrophysical processes and extreme environments like supernovae, pulsars, and black holes. These powerful rays, stemming from diverse mechanisms such as solar flares, cosmic ray collisions, and transient gamma-ray bursts (like GRB 190114C), reveal regions of extreme temperature, density, and magnetic fields. Due to atmospheric blocking, gamma rays are challenging to detect, necessitating balloon-borne instruments and early satellites like SAS 2 (1972) and COS-B (1975), which notably discovered mysterious gamma-ray bursts from deep space. Subsequent missions, including the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1991) and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (2008), alongside ground-based observatories like VERITAS and H.E.S.S., have significantly advanced the field. This interdisciplinary research continues to unravel the mysteries of high-energy cosmic events, with future developments integrating data from multi-messenger astronomy, including gravitational wave and neutrino observatories, to better understand phenomena like neutron star mergers.