Russia's food industry is a substantial economic sector, with production in food and tobacco reaching 3.12 trillion rubles in 2010, demonstrating significant growth from 987 billion rubles in 2003. This robust output, however, coexists with a national health challenge as, by 2020, over 57% of Russian adults were overweight and 23% obese, leading to the "Development of Healthy Lifestyle" policy (2017-2025).

Key segments include a thriving beverage sector, where Baltika Breweries stands as Russia's largest beer producer, exporting to 46 countries, and international giants like Coca-Cola HBC Eurasia and PepsiCo operate vast soft drink facilities. The country also boasts a notable alcoholic beverage industry, with Novorossiysk being a primary wine center and vodka exports reaching $121 million in 2009. Furthermore, the dairy market features major domestic players like Wimm-Bill-Dann and Unimilk, with the latter acquired by Danone in 2010, reflecting the dynamic nature of this essential industry.