Chemical accidents involve the unintentional release of hazardous materials, such as toxic gases or explosives, causing harm to human health and the environment, often stemming from human error, natural disasters, or industrial process failures. These events are surprisingly common; for instance, the U.S. experiences multiple significant accidents weekly, and China reported 295 incidents causing 1,325 deaths between 2015 and 2021, with an upward trend in certain provinces. History's deadliest was the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India, where over 3,000 people died from methyl isocyanate released by a faulty valve at a Union Carbide pesticides factory. More recently, the 2020 Beirut explosion became one of the biggest non-nuclear blasts, killing 218 and injuring 7,000 when 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate detonated due to improper storage.