The NHIndustries NH90 is a European twin-engine military helicopter that made history as the first production helicopter to fly entirely with fly-by-wire controls, alongside extensive use of composite materials. Developed by NHIndustries for NATO, it comes in two main variants—the land-focused TTH (carrying up to 20 troops) and the naval NFH for anti-submarine warfare and search and rescue—first flying in December 1995 and entering service in 2007. Its success is notable, with over 600 units produced for more than a dozen NATO countries, although the program has faced harsh criticism for chronic delays, maintenance issues, and low operational readiness. This criticism led to early retirements, including Norway terminating the program in 2022 (demanding a full refund) and Australia withdrawing in 2023 ahead of its planned 2037 retirement. Despite these setbacks, a dozen countries continue to operate the NH90 as of the mid-2020s, with ongoing upgrades and improvements aimed at extending its service life and ease of maintenance.