Immigration, a term coined in the 17th century, refers to the international movement of people who settle permanently in a new destination country, distinct from short-term stays. By 2015, the number of international migrants worldwide reached 244 million, marking a 41% increase since 2000, with the United States hosting the largest share at 19%, followed by Germany and Russia each with 12 million. Nearly half of these migrants originate from Asia, and while economic research suggests migration generally benefits both receiving and sending countries, foreign-born persons frequently encounter extensive discrimination despite demonstrating considerable assimilation over generations. An engaging 2012 Gallup survey revealed that 640 million adults would migrate if given the opportunity, with 23% aspiring to live in the U.S. and 7% choosing the UK; in the U.S. alone, over 2.4 million immigration cases were pending in 2023.