Computer security, also known as cybersecurity, is a critical field focused on protecting digital systems, networks, and data from threats like unauthorized access, theft, or damage. Its growing importance stems from our increasing global reliance on the Internet and smart devices, which underpin essential societal functions. System flaws, termed "vulnerabilities" and often documented in databases like Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE), are frequently exploited by malicious actors. A April 2023 UK government report highlighted that 32% of businesses and 24% of charities experienced cyberattacks in the preceding year, with medium and large businesses facing even higher rates (up to 69%). While large organizations may have improved defenses, small and midsize businesses are increasingly vulnerable to malware, ransomware, and phishing, with general internet users often encountering untargeted attacks.