Military meteorology involves applying weather science for military purposes, a crucial and common field for meteorologists. Its significance escalated dramatically during World War II, where large-scale land, sea, and air operations, most notably the Normandy landing and strategic bombing, were heavily reliant on precise forecasts from agencies like the Royal Navy, Met Office, and USAAF. This period also spurred the rapid development of university meteorology departments to train weather officers and saw the integration of technologies like radar, with satellites later becoming indispensable for observation.

Today, military meteorologists serve across diverse units, from aircraft carriers to special forces, providing critical support worldwide. In the United States, this function is managed by entities such as the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, training both enlisted aerographer's mates and specialized officers. Influential figures like Gp Capt James Martin Stagg, who provided essential forecasts for Operation Overlord in 1944, highlight the profound historical impact of this specialized field.