Croatia's topography is distinctly divided into three major geomorphological parts: the Pannonian Basin, the Dinaric Alps, and the Adriatic Basin. Over half of the country comprises lowlands, predominantly found in northern regions like Slavonia, part of the Pannonian Basin. In contrast, the rugged Dinaric Alps host Croatia's highest mountain, Dinara, peaking at 1,831 meters (6,007 ft), along with all other mountains exceeding 1,500 meters.

Croatia boasts the most indented coastline in the Mediterranean, with its mainland stretching 1,777.3 kilometers (1,104.4 miles). This is further expanded by 1,246 islands and islets, adding an impressive 4,058 kilometers (2,522 miles) of additional coastline, including large islands like Cres and Krk and the tallest island Brač. A significant feature, karst topography, defines about half of Croatia's land, particularly evident throughout the Dinaric Alps, coastal areas, and islands, shaping much of its unique natural beauty.