Karaism: A Non-Rabbinical Jewish Sect
Introduction: Karaism is a non-Rabbinical Jewish sect that emphasizes the supremacy of the written Torah (the Hebrew Bible) as its sole source of religious authority and law. Karaites reject the Oral Law (Talmud and subsequent Rabbinic interpretations), viewing them as unnecessary additions to the divine commandments.
Key Beliefs: * Scripture alone: Karaites believe that only the written Torah contains the complete and divine revelation, and additional interpretations and traditions are not authoritative. * Personal interpretation: Each individual is responsible for studying and interpreting the Torah personally, without relying on Rabbinic interpretations. * Rejection of the Oral Law: Karaites reject the Talmud and other Rabbinic writings as having no divine authority. * Literal or literalistic interpretations: Karaites tend to interpret the Torah's texts more literally or literalistically than Rabbinical Judaism. * Strict observance: Karaites adhere to the Torah's commandments meticulously, often with a focus on their plain or literal meaning.
Origins and History: Karaism emerged sometime during the Second Temple period (around the 1st century BCE), possibly from groups like the Sadducees and Boethusians. It gained prominence in the 8th century CE under the leadership of Anan ben David, who established the Ananite movement. Karaism spread throughout the Muslim world, with significant communities in Egypt, Persia, and the Crimea.
Golden Age and Decline: Karaism experienced its "Golden Age" during the 9th-11th centuries, producing a wealth of scholarly works and participating in philosophical and religious debates. However, with the rise of Rabbinical Judaism and the persecution of Karaites in Christian Europe, the movement declined in influence.
Modern Era: Karaism has undergone a revival in recent decades, with the establishment of new communities and organizations. There are currently estimated to be 30,000-50,000 Karaites worldwide, primarily in Israel, the United States, and Europe.
Differences from Rabbinical Judaism: * Authority: Karaites reject the authority of the Oral Law, while Rabbinical Judaism considers it integral to understanding and practicing Judaism. * Interpretation: Karaites favor a more literalistic or plain-meaning interpretation of the Torah, while Rabbinical Judaism allows for more flexibility and interpretation. * Observances: Karaites have specific interpretations and practices that differ from Rabbinical Judaism, such as the calculation of holidays, the prohibition on kindling fire on the Sabbath, and the absence of tefillin and mezuzot.
Recognition and Acceptance: Karaites are generally recognized as Jews by Rabbinical Judaism, but their marriage with Rabbinic Jews is often not permitted. In Israel, Karaite Jews are considered a separate stream within Judaism.