Erythrosine: A Pink Food Coloring with Controversies

Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3 or E127, is a pink dye commonly used in food, printing ink, and other products. It was discovered in 1876 and has been used for various purposes over the years, including:

  • Food Coloring: Candy, ice pops, frosting, and other treats often contain erythrosine to enhance their color.
  • Printing Ink: It adds vibrant colors to packaging and labels.
  • Biological Stain: Erythrosine helps scientists visualize and study cells under a microscope.
  • Dental Plaque Disclosing Agent: Dental professionals use erythrosine to show patients where plaque has accumulated on their teeth.
  • Radiopaque Medium: In medical imaging, erythrosine helps make certain organs or blood vessels more visible.
  • Photoredox Catalyst: Erythrosine can enhance the efficiency of chemical reactions that use visible light.

Safety Concerns:

In 1990, studies raised concerns that high doses of erythrosine might promote thyroid tumors in rats. However, subsequent research concluded that erythrosine is unlikely to cause cancer in humans. Its use is still restricted in many countries, including the European Union, China, and the United Kingdom.

Regulation and Usage:

In the United States, erythrosine is allowed in certain colored foods and ingested drugs. However, its use in cosmetics, topical drugs, and certain foods has been banned since 1990. As of January 2027, it will be banned in food and one year later in ingested drugs.

Alternatives:

Allura Red AC (Red #40) is often used as a substitute for erythrosine in food products.

Synonyms:

  • Erythrosine B
  • Erythrosin B
  • Acid Red 51
  • C.I. 45430
  • FD&C Red No. 3
  • E127

Classification:

  • FD&C Red No. 3
  • E number E127 (Food Red 14)
  • Colour Index no. 45430 (Acid Red 51)
  • Bureau of Indian Standards No. 1697