Classification of World Religions
The world's religions can be broadly classified into several major groups based on their historical origins and mutual influences. These groups include:
Abrahamic Religions: Originating in the Middle East, Abrahamic religions share the concept of monotheism and trace their roots to the patriarch Abraham. They include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baháʼí Faith.
Indian Religions: Originating in the Indian subcontinent, Indian religions emphasize concepts like dharma, karma, and reincarnation. They include Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism.
East Asian Religions: Derived from East Asian philosophies, these religions focus on the concept of Tao. They encompass Chinese folk religions, Taoism, Confucianism, and various Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese traditions.
African Religions: These religions were practiced by the tribal peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, African diasporic religions emerged in the Americas after the Atlantic slave trade.
Other Categories: Beyond these major groups, other classifications include indigenous ethnic religions, marginalized by organized faiths in many regions; gnostic traditions, including Mandaeism; and new religious movements, such as Mormonism and Jehovah's Witnesses.
Historical Development of Categories
The classification of religions has evolved over time. Initially, Christians viewed their faith as the sole legitimate religion and categorized others as heresy or barbarity. In the 18th century, Judaism, Islam, and paganism were considered separate categories within "true monotheism." However, in the 19th century, the concept of "world religions" emerged, placing non-Christian faiths on an equal footing with Christianity. This modern perspective has been influenced by the exposure to diverse religious cultures through global interactions.