The Rich History of Corsica
Prehistory to Antiquity
Corsica's history spans back to the Upper Paleolithic period. The ancient Greeks established the first known settlement in 566 BCE, followed by Phoenician colonization. The island was subsequently conquered by the Etruscans, Carthaginians, and finally the Roman Republic, who established a profound influence on the island's culture and language.
Middle Ages
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Corsica faced invasions from various Germanic groups. In the 8th century, Charlemagne of the Holy Roman Empire conquered the island, beginning a period of conflict with the Saracens. Notably, the Vandals briefly occupied Corsica, leaving a lasting negative impression on the Corsicans towards foreign adventurers.
Renaissance and Genoese Rule
In the 13th century, Corsica fell under the rule of the Republic of Genoa. Despite brief periods of Aragonese and French control, Genoa maintained its grip for five centuries. The Bank of Saint George played a significant role in the island's governance, erecting walled cities and suppressing conflicts among local signorial families.
Corsican Republic and Enlightenment
In the 18th century, Enlightenment ideals sparked a series of revolts against Genoese rule. Corsican patriot Pasquale Paoli emerged as a leading figure, establishing the independent Corsican Republic in 1755. Paoli advocated for Corsican self-rule and promoted education, founding the first university on the island.
Sale to France and Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
Genoa faced difficulties in maintaining control and sold Corsica to France in 1764. However, the Corsicans resisted French rule, led by Paoli. He eventually went into exile, and France annexed Corsica in 1770. After the French Revolution, Corsica briefly became a kingdom in personal union with Great Britain.
Modern Era
During World War I, Corsica strongly supported the Allies, providing medical care and housing POWs. In World War II, it was first occupied by Italy and then by Germany. The French Resistance gained strength, ultimately liberating the island in 1943.
Post-War Era
In the post-war period, Corsica experienced a recession and mass exodus. Some wealthy Corsicans became colonizers in France's overseas territories. In recent decades, the island has developed a thriving tourism industry, accompanied by a resurgence of autonomy and independence movements.