Classical ballet is a highly formal and rigorous dance style, distinguished by its precise, flowing movements, ethereal qualities, and demanding techniques like pointe work and high extensions. Originating in Italian Renaissance courts, it was brought to France by Catherine de' Medici and professionalized in the 17th century under King Louis XIV, who established the Académie Royale de Danse in 1661. Here, Pierre Beauchamp revolutionized the art by inventing the five foundational ballet positions still used today.
The classical era was largely shaped by Marius Petipa, considered one of history's greatest choreographers, who fused the storytelling of Romantic ballet with the athleticism of Russian technique. Petipa also pioneered choreographic structures like the grand pas de deux and solidified the role of the corps de ballet. Although stylistic variations exist, such as Russian ballet's dynamic turns versus Italian ballet's intricate footwork, classical ballet's vocabulary and performance are largely consistent globally.