Postpartum psychosis (PPP) is a rare but severe psychiatric emergency that strikes abruptly within the first two weeks after childbirth, affecting only 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 deliveries. Characterized by symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, severe confusion, and rapid mood swings, the condition poses a significant safety risk to both the mother and infant, typically requiring urgent hospitalization. While the exact cause remains unknown, research points to hormonal and immune changes, sleep disruption, and a strong genetic link—particularly a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, which is considered a major risk factor. Currently classified under "Brief Psychotic Disorder" in the DSM-5, PPP has no specific screening tools, so diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation to rule out other organic causes. Treatment often involves a combination of lithium, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and sometimes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), with prophylactic lithium shown to reduce recurrence in high-risk women. Notably, experts are increasingly debating whether PPP should be reclassified as a distinct manifestation of the bipolar spectrum rather than a standalone psychotic disorder.