The Nobel Prize in Physics, one of the five awards established by Alfred Nobel's 1895 will to honor those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind," has been awarded annually since 1901. Administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, it is widely regarded as the most prestigious accolade a scientist can receive in physics. The first prize went to German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in 1901 for his extraordinary discovery of X-rays.

Laureates, who receive a medal, diploma, and monetary award, are selected through a long and rigorous process involving thousands of nominators and a specialized committee. The awards are formally presented in Stockholm on December 10th, the anniversary of Nobel's death. As of 2024, a total of 226 individuals have been honored with this distinguished prize.