The Executed Renaissance (or Red Renaissance) refers to a vibrant generation of Ukrainian language poets, writers, and artists who flourished in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic during the 1920s and early 1930s. This cultural revival was initially fostered by Lenin's Korenizatsiya policies, which encouraged the development of minority languages and cultures.

However, these policies were brutally reversed in 1929 by Joseph Stalin's "Great Turn," leading to state centralization and forced Russification. For their refusal to abandon Ukrainian linguistic and cultural identity, thousands of these intellectuals—many residing in Kharkiv's Slovo Building—were arrested en masse, deported to the Gulag, or executed. This tragic decimation was part of Stalin's larger 1937–1938 Great Purge, with an infamous killing field at Sandarmokh forest.

The poignant term "Executed Renaissance" was first coined in 1959 by anti-communist Polish émigré publisher Jerzy Giedroyc for an anthology documenting this lost generation of Ukrainian literary talent.