Dominion theology, also known as dominionism, refers to a group of far-right Christian political ideologies, predominantly in the United States, that advocate for a nation governed by Christians based on their interpretation of biblical law. Its name derives from the King James Bible's rendering of Genesis 1:28, where God grants humanity "dominion" over the Earth, which adherents interpret as a mandate for Christian stewardship in civil and governmental affairs. Many contemporary dominionist movements arose in the 1970s, asserting aspects of Christian nationalism.

Prominent forms include Calvinist Christian reconstructionism, pioneered by R. J. Rushdoony in the 1960s-70s, which specifically focuses on theonomy (governance by Old Testament Mosaic Law). Other significant examples are Charismatic and Pentecostal Kingdom Now theology and the New Apostolic Reformation. While Roman Catholic integralism is sometimes categorized under this umbrella, it is a much older and theologically distinct movement.