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Wolf Warrior Diplomacy: A New Era of Chinese Public Diplomacy
"Wolf warrior diplomacy" is a confrontational style of public diplomacy adopted by China's diplomats primarily in the late 2010s and early 2020s, named after a popular Chinese action film franchise. This aggressive approach starkly contrasts with China's former "Taoguang Yanghui" policy, which, established by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s, advised concealing strength and avoiding controversy. Under this new style, Chinese representatives vocally denounce perceived criticism of the government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), often on social media, in what's seen as an ideological struggle with the Western world.
This shift is widely attributed to General Secretary Xi Jinping's efforts to bolster China's "discourse power" in international politics and a perceived anti-China hostility from the West. While signs of "Chinese assertiveness" emerged around 2009, wolf warrior diplomacy intensified after Xi came to power in 2012, reaching its peak in the early 2020s before reportedly declining.