Youth subcultures are distinct groups characterized by unique styles, behaviors, and interests, offering participants an identity beyond traditional social institutions. Often defined by their connection to specific music genres such as hip-hop, punk, or goth, these groups can range from exclusive "scenes" to full-blown countercultures that show systematic hostility to dominant norms. Theories regarding their emergence suggest they can be symbolic acts of resistance against societal hegemony, as argued by Stuart Hall, or products of mass media labeling and consumerism, a view supported by Stan Cohen and the Frankfurt School. Historically, scholars like Steven Mintz propose that youth subcultures largely solidified around the 1950s, with the rise of rock and roll and the media's increasing role in shaping youth as a distinct and influential cultural force.