Clinical Chemistry: A Summary
Clinical chemistry, also known as chemical pathology or medical biochemistry, is a vital branch of medical laboratory science that analyzes various compounds, called analytes, in bodily fluids like blood and urine using advanced analytical techniques. Originating in the late 19th century with basic chemical tests, the field has evolved significantly to utilize sophisticated automated instruments and methods such as spectrometry and chromatography for precise diagnostics.
Clinical chemists and medical laboratory scientists play a crucial role as the interface between the laboratory and clinical practice, interpreting results and advising physicians on appropriate test panels. This enables healthcare providers to accurately diagnose diseases, predict their progression (prognosis), screen for conditions, and monitor treatment effectiveness in a timely manner. Common specimens, primarily blood and urine, are often analyzed through comprehensive "panel tests," such as the Metabolic Panel, which efficiently assess organ function, electrolyte balance, and other key health indicators.