Farce of Ávila

On June 5, 1465, a faction of rebellious Castilian noblemen, led by the Marquis of Villena and the Archbishop of Toledo, staged the infamous "Farce of Ávila" near Ávila to depose King Henry IV. They erected a wooden effigy of the king, accusing him of sympathy for Muslims, homosexuality, and the illegitimacy of his daughter Joanna, before stripping it of its crown, sword, and staff, and knocking it to the ground. The rebels then proclaimed Henry's half-brother, 11-year-old Prince Alfonso (known as "Alfonso the Innocent") as King Alfonso XII, though he was widely seen as a puppet of the nobility. The coup failed to unite the country, as most of Castile remained loyal to Henry, leading to riots that lasted until Alfonso's death in 1468. Despite his disputed rule, Alfonso maintained an active court featuring poets, historians, and musicians, before his sister Isabel eventually submitted to Henry IV's authority, paving the way for her own later reign. The event was mockingly dubbed a "farce" by its detractors and highlighted the intense factional power struggles of 15th-century Castile.