Hillary Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 67th U.S. Secretary of State (2009–2013), a U.S. Senator from New York (2001–2009), and the First Lady (1993–2001) during her husband Bill Clinton's presidency. A graduate of Wellesley College and Yale Law School, she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families and became the first woman partner at a major Arkansas law firm before entering public life. As First Lady, she championed healthcare reform—though her 1994 plan failed—and helped create the State Children's Health Insurance Program, while also facing public scrutiny during the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal. In 2016, she made history as the first woman to win a major party's presidential nomination and the only woman to win the popular vote for U.S. president, but she lost the Electoral College to Donald Trump. As Secretary of State, she advocated the 2011 Libya intervention, helped organize Iran sanctions that led to the 2015 nuclear deal, and was dogged by the private email server controversy. After her defeat, she launched the political action group Onward Together and has served as Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast since 2020 and a professor at Columbia University since 2023.