Arnold Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American icon who transitioned from champion bodybuilder and Hollywood action star to serving as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011. Known as the "Austrian Oak," he won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and the Mr. Olympia title seven times, while his starring role as the Terminator in the 1984 sci-fi film made him a global superstar—his movies have grossed over $5.4 billion worldwide. Running as a Republican, he won a special recall election in 2003 to replace Governor Gray Davis, securing 48.6% of the vote, and was re-elected in 2006 with 55.9% before hitting his term limit in 2011—making him the last Republican to hold statewide office in California. His diverse career also includes founding the production company Oak Productions, writing books like The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding, and having the Arnold Sports Festival named in his honor. Notably, his father Gustav served in the Nazi Party and Sturmabteilung during World War II, a background that drew intense press attention during the 2003 gubernatorial campaign.