The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was a $2.2 trillion economic stimulus package signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 27, 2020, to combat the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its major provisions included $300 billion in one-time cash payments (up to $1,200 for most adults), $260 billion in expanded unemployment benefits, the creation of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) for forgivable small business loans, $500 billion in corporate loans, and $339.8 billion for state and local governments. Unprecedented in scale, it was the largest stimulus package in U.S. history, amounting to roughly 10% of GDP and far exceeding the 2009 Great Recession stimulus. The bill was passed as "Phase 3" of Congress's response, following two earlier acts, and was enacted using a shell bill (H.R. 748) to comply with constitutional rules. Later, an additional $900 billion in relief was attached to the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, signed in December 2020, though many CARES Act programs, such as unemployment benefits and PPP applications, expired by 2021 and 2022.