Naples, the regional capital of Campania in southern Italy, is the country's third-largest city, with a metropolitan area of around 4.4 million people. Founded by the Greeks in the first millennium BC as Parthenope and later refounded as Neápolis, it is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited urban areas and served as the capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until Italy's unification in 1861. The city is a global cultural powerhouse, considered a capital of the Baroque (thanks to Caravaggio) and a historic center for classical music and opera through the Neapolitan School, with its historic center designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During World War II, it endured Allied bombing and the famous "Four Days of Naples" uprising against Nazi occupation in 1943. Today, Naples has experienced significant economic growth, featuring a modern business district, high-speed rail links, and one of Europe's most important ports, while also hosting NATO's Allied Joint Force Command. Its rich heritage is complemented by nearby Roman ruins like Pompeii and Herculaneum, cementing its reputation as a city with an overwhelming density of cultural and historical treasures.