Mount Sinabung, an active stratovolcano in North Sumatra, Indonesia, sits on the Karo plateau near Lake Toba and remained dormant for roughly 400 years before its recent activity. After a long quiet period (last known eruption around 740–880 CE), it erupted dramatically on 29 August 2010, and has been continuously active since September 2013, with eruptions in 2013, 2014, and 2015. These eruptions have forced mass evacuations—over 10,000 people fled in June 2015—and have tragically claimed at least 23 lives since 2014. A major eruption began on 10 August 2020, and the volcano is part of the Sunda Arc, formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The Indonesian government responded by evacuating around 17,500 people, issuing the highest alert level, and providing supplies like masks and food, while scientists noted its behavior is similar to Mount Unzen in Japan, which erupted for five years after a 400-year dormancy.