This article compiles the most significant earthquakes of the 21st century, ranking them by fatalities, magnitude, and economic cost. In terms of human toll, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was the deadliest with nearly 228,000 confirmed fatalities, followed by the 2010 Haiti earthquake (~160,000 deaths) and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake (87,587 deaths). The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan stands as the costliest natural disaster ever recorded, causing approximately $360 billion in damage, ahead of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes ($163.6 billion) and the 2008 Sichuan event ($150 billion). The article also catalogs the largest quakes by magnitude (8.5 or greater) and provides year-by-year and decade-by-decade breakdowns (2001–2010, 2011–2020, and 2021–present). All magnitudes are reported using the moment magnitude scale (Mw), making it a comprehensive reference for seismic events of the new millennium.