May 4 has been a date of profound historical significance across centuries, marked by pivotal political, military, and cultural events. In 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued the papal bull Inter caetera, dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal, while in 1776, Rhode Island became the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III. The 19th century saw the Haymarket affair in Chicago (1886), where a bomb thrown at police during a labor rally resulted in multiple deaths and became a cornerstone of labor history. The 20th century brought the May Fourth Movement in China (1919), with student protests in Beijing against the Treaty of Versailles, and the incorporation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1927. During World War II, May 4 witnessed the start of the Battle of the Coral Sea (1942) and the signing of the German surrender at Lüneburg Heath (1945), which covered forces in the Netherlands, Denmark, and northwest Germany. Other notable events include Napoleon's exile to Elba (1814), the beginning of the Panama Canal's construction (1904), and the tragic 1949 Superga air disaster that wiped out the entire Torino football team.