The Harlem Renaissance was a groundbreaking intellectual and cultural movement centered in Harlem, New York City, during the 1920s and 1930s, encompassing African-American music, literature, art, theater, and politics. Often called the "New Negro Movement", it was named after The New Negro, a 1925 anthology edited by philosopher Alain Locke, who became the movement's "dean." Sparked by the Great Migration of African Americans fleeing the racist Jim Crow South (along with Caribbean immigrants), the movement's zenith occurred between 1924, when Opportunity magazine hosted a notable party for Black writers, and 1929, the year of the stock market crash that began the Great Depression. Although geographically tied to Harlem, few visual artists actually lived there—such as Aaron Douglas, who left by the end of World War II—and its influence even reached Francophone Black writers in Paris. Ultimately, the Renaissance served as a creative crucible that helped institutionalize African-American art within white-dominated museums and cultural institutions, solidifying its legacy as a pivotal era in American culture.