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Japanese pornography, known as "adult videos" (AV) or JAV in the film industry, is uniquely distinct from Western erotica, encompassing live-action films, manga, anime (often called hentai in English), and computer games (eroge). It features a wide spectrum of sexual acts and unique fetishes, including genres rarely seen in the West such as bukkake, gokkun, omorashi, and tentacle erotica, as well as controversial categories like lolicon and shotacon depicting minors. Due to Article 175 of Japan's Penal Code, all lawfully produced pornography must censor genitals, with pubic hair also being censored until the mid-1990s. Historically, the genre traces back to pre-20th-century shunga woodblock prints by artists like Hokusai and Utamaro, but production declined after the Meiji Restoration. During the Allied occupation (ending in 1952), Western moral ideals led to a strict ban on sexually explicit material, which the Japanese government maintained until the late 1980s. Today, the industry navigates a complex landscape of cultural tradition, censorship law, and debates over free speech and child protection.