The Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), informally led by Elon Musk, is facing a wave of ongoing lawsuits accusing it of illegal actions, including breaching the Privacy Act of 1974, violating the Federal Information Security Modernization Act, and seizing funds authorized by Congress—actions legal experts say may break Article 1 of the Constitution and spark a "constitutional crisis." Legal proceedings have been complicated by unclear facts about Musk's exact role and the identities of his associates, and on February 5, Republican lawmakers blocked a Democratic effort to subpoena Musk. In specific cases, a federal judge limited DOGE to "read-only" access to Treasury data on February 6, while another judge ordered the administration to provide witnesses for depositions regarding access to systems at the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau departments. Musk is also set to be deposed over DOGE's actions with USAID, and the University of California Student Association filed a lawsuit against the Department of Education on February 7. The White House and Republican Party have defended DOGE, asserting full compliance with federal law, even as judges have expressed constitutional concerns about the agency's structure and operations.