The Renaissance was a transformative European cultural and intellectual movement spanning roughly the 14th to 17th centuries, bridging the Late Middle Ages and the early modern era through a revival of classical Greek and Roman achievements. Originating in Florence, Italy, its intellectual foundation was humanism, rooted in the idea that "man is the measure of all things," with early sparks visible in the writings of Dante and the paintings of Giotto in the late 13th century. The movement blossomed in the 15th and 16th centuries, fueled by the invention of metal movable type, which accelerated an explosion of vernacular literature and the development of linear perspective in art. This era produced iconic polymaths like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man," while also revolutionizing politics with modern diplomacy, navigation, and the introduction of modern banking and accounting. The Italian Renaissance conventionally ended with the Reformation (1517) and the Sack of Rome (1527), though its influence spread throughout Europe and endured in the works of later artists like Tintoretto and Paolo Veronese.