A war economy is a state's systematic mobilization of its resources to sustain conflict, typically involving increased government planning, rationing, and conscription, alongside measures like raising interest rates. Economically, it often aligns with military Keynesianism, where military budgets stabilize business cycles, and while wars can spur technological breakthroughs, economist Seymour Melman warned that wasteful military spending can ultimately hinder innovation. In the United States, World War I saw the creation of the War Industries Board and the Fuel Administration (which introduced daylight saving time), supported by propaganda campaigns like the Four Minute Men. For World War II, the U.S. escalated control after the 1940 Two-Ocean Navy Act and the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack, using the War Production Board to allocate scarce resources and financing the effort through taxes and war bonds. Such economies can also serve as a last-ditch strategy to avert economic crises by expanding military employment and reducing civilian populations to free up resources.