Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on current events, facts, and ideas, aimed at informing society with a degree of accuracy. Its role and independence vary significantly worldwide; in some nations, media is government-controlled, while in others, it operates as a private industry with varying degrees of press freedom. The turn of the 21st century witnessed a profound shift in news consumption due to the internet and smartphones, leading to an increasing preference for digital sources and challenging traditional print media to monetize their online presence. Consequently, news organizations face the task of adapting content and business models as print revenues decline. Regardless of the medium, journalistic production across countries, including the US where ethical bodies like the Society of Professional Journalists guide practice, consistently grapples with issues of fairness, media bias, and the critical distinction between factual reporting and opinion pieces.