Water (H2O) is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless inorganic compound, widely known as the "universal solvent" due to its powerful ability to dissolve substances, making it absolutely vital for all known forms of life. This polar molecule naturally exists on Earth as a solid (ice), liquid, and gas (steam/vapor), covering approximately 71% of the planet's surface, predominantly in its oceans and seas, and constantly cycles through evaporation, precipitation, and runoff. Beyond its fundamental biological role, water is a cornerstone of the global economy; roughly 70% of freshwater used by humans supports agriculture, while also sustaining fishing industries, facilitating long-distance trade via waterways, and playing a crucial part in industrial cooling, heating, and countless domestic applications. Its unique properties, stemming from strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, make it indispensable for everything from cooking and washing to a wide array of sports and recreational activities.