Physical activity encompasses any movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy, including both planned exercise and incidental daily actions like walking or cleaning. While "exercise" is a structured and purposeful subcategory, physical activity broadly covers all movement, playing a crucial role in improving physical, mental, cognitive, and cardiovascular health. Conversely, a lack of physical activity is a major cause of non-communicable diseases, with current inactivity levels projected to result in 500 million new global disease cases and over US$300 billion in treatment costs between 2020 and 2030. Alarmingly, as of 2024, 31% of adults and 80% of adolescents do not meet recommended activity levels, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive strategies like active transport, urban design, and community programs to foster a more active population.