Nicosia, also known as Lefkosia or Lefkoşa, is the capital of Cyprus and the southeasternmost capital of an EU member state, boasting a history of continuous habitation for over 5,500 years. Serving as the island's capital since the 10th century, it is notably the last divided capital in Europe. After Cyprus gained independence in 1960, intercommunal violence in 1963 led to the segregation of Greek and Turkish Cypriots within the city. This division was solidified following Turkey's 1974 invasion, establishing a UN Buffer Zone that separates the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus from Northern Cyprus, an ongoing dispute known as the "Cyprus problem." Despite its unique political landscape, Nicosia thrives as the island's financial and main international business center, recognized as a "Beta −" global city.