Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable viral disease that spreads through coughs and sneezes, infecting up to 90% of non-immune people who share a living space with an infected person. Symptoms typically appear 10-12 days after exposure and include a high fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, and a characteristic red rash that starts on the face, along with small white spots (Koplik spots) inside the mouth. While there is no specific treatment, supportive care—such as fluids, fever control, and vitamin A supplementation for young children—can help, though complications like pneumonia and ear infections are common. The measles vaccine is safe and highly effective, but achieving herd immunity requires more than 95% of a community to be vaccinated. Global vaccination efforts reduced deaths from 2.6 million in 1980 to just 73,000 in 2014, but cases and deaths have been rising again since 2017 due to declining vaccination rates.