Illinois is a prominent Midwestern state, recognized for its substantial economic and demographic influence, ranking among the top six U.S. states in both Gross Domestic Product and population. Achieving statehood in 1818, Illinois evolved from its Indigenous and French colonial roots, transforming into a crucial agricultural and industrial hub, significantly boosted by John Deere's steel plow and a sprawling transportation network. Its largest city, Chicago, emerged as a global transportation and trade center by the late 19th century, continuing to drive the state's highly diverse economy which encompasses advanced industry, agriculture, and natural resources. Known as the "Land of Lincoln," Illinois holds a unique presidential legacy, having been home to Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Barack Obama when they were elected, alongside historical treasures like the ancient Cahokia Mounds and leading universities.