Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard van Oranje-Nassau (born 1938) was Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 to 30 April 2013. She is the daughter of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard, belonging to the noble Lippe-Biesterfeld family. During World War II, she fled to the UK and Canada with her family, and later studied law, sociology, and economics at Leiden University. In 1966, she married West German diplomat Claus von Amsberg, and they had three sons – with the eldest, Willem-Alexander, succeeding her on the throne. She earned the nickname «Prinsesse Smil» for her cheerful and hard-working demeanor during official duties. She abdicated on 30 April 2013, ending a 33-year reign, to pass the crown to her son.