1986, designated the International Year of Peace by the UN, was a year of dramatic political upheaval and scientific milestones. In space, the Challenger disaster on January 28 claimed seven astronauts, while Voyager 2 made its first Uranus flyby, Halley's Comet reached perihelion, and the Soviet Union launched the Mir space station. Politically, Aruba gained autonomy, Spain and Portugal joined the European Community, and Jean-Claude Duvalier fled Haiti, ending 28 years of family rule. The People Power Revolution in the Philippines ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos, installing Corazon Aquino as the first female president, while Yoweri Museveni took power in Uganda. Other notable events included the announcement of the Channel Tunnel, the founding of Pixar, the start of the Maxi Trial against the Sicilian Mafia, and Mikhail Gorbachev introducing glasnost and perestroika at the 27th Communist Party Congress.