Human migration involves the movement of people intending to settle in a new geographic location, predominantly occurring internally within a single country, though also significantly across international borders. This complex phenomenon is often linked to improved human development and serves as a direct route out of poverty, driven by motivations like better job opportunities or healthcare needs. It's crucial to distinguish between three main categories: general migrants who relocate voluntarily for various reasons, refugees defined by UNHCR as those forced to flee their country due to violence or persecution, and asylum seekers who unwillingly leave due to unstable conditions and formally request shelter. If an asylum seeker's application is approved, their legal classification changes to that of a refugee. Global migration patterns are extensively tracked by organizations like the World Bank, which publishes its Migration and Remittances Factbook (starting 2008), and the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) through its World Migration Report (since 1999).