Educational research systematically collects and analyzes evidence and data to understand various aspects of education, including student learning, teaching methods, and classroom dynamics, often drawing insights from disciplines like psychology and sociology. While researchers emphasize its rigorous and systematic nature, disagreements over specific standards have sometimes led to questions about its quality and value. The field primarily utilizes two main approaches: basic (academic) research, which focuses on developing educational theory and seeking truth, and applied (contract) research, aimed at finding practical solutions to existing educational problems. Gary Anderson notably outlined several key characteristics of this research, which fundamentally employs the scientific method to discover cause and effect, test hypotheses, and generate generalizations, often relying on both qualitative and quantitative data.